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DomovŽivljenjski slogZdravjeKako hitro si opomorejo možgani ozdravljenih alkoholikov?

Kako hitro si opomorejo možgani ozdravljenih alkoholikov?

Avtor: Karmen Jordan
Čas branja:2 min.
Kako hitro si opomorejo možgani ozdravljenih alkoholikov

Znano je, da lahko alkoholizem resno ogrozi možgane, toda dobra novica je, da poškodbe niso nujno neodpravljive. Raziskovalci so se poglobili v proces obnove možganov pri ozdravljenih alkoholikih in se tako dokopali do zanimivih ugotovitev, ki so jih strnili v študiji, objavljeni v znanstveni reviji Alcohol. Med drugim so ugotovili, da je lahko za ozdravljene alkoholike, ki kadijo, opustitev kajenja posebno koristna, saj si možgani tako precej lažje opomorejo po poškodbah, ki so jih za sabo pustila leta zlorabe alkohola.

Možganske spremembe so bile spremljane z magnetno resonanco

V raziskavi je sodelovalo 88 oseb, pri katerih je bil diagnosticiran sindrom odvisnosti od alkohola. Vsi sodelujoči so se odločili, da se bodo poskušali alkoholu odpovedati. Med njimi pa je bilo tudi 23 oseb, ki so alkohol nehale uživati že 4–5 tednov pred začetkom raziskave. Raziskovalci so tako s pomočjo magnetne resonance spremljali odziv možganov na abstinenco oziroma opustitev alkohola. Slikanje možganov s pomočjo magnetne resonance je bilo izvedeno trikrat, in sicer po enem tednu, po enem mesecu in po dobrih sedmih mesecih.

Precejšnjemu številu sodelujočih žal ni uspelo zdržati do konca. Tako sta 2 osebi alkoholu podlegli že med prvim in drugim slikanjem, med drugim in tretjim slikanjem pa je začelo alkohol ponovno uživati še dodatnih 43 oseb. Raziskava je vključevala tudi kontrolno skupino, sestavljeno iz 45 oseb, ki niso imele nikoli težav z alkoholizmom (obenem pa je šlo za nekadilce).

Vztrajnost je poskrbela za obnovo možganske skorje v več kot dveh tretjinah regij

Raziskovalci so se osredotočili na 34 možganskih regij, pri čemer jih je zanimala predvsem t. i. kortikalna debelina, torej debelina možganske skorje. Zaradi čezmernega uživanja alkohola se lahko namreč možganska skorja stanjša. Do nedavnega so bile informacije o tem, kako opustitev alkohola vpliva na možganske strukture, zelo skope – in prav to je bil glavni razlog za izvedbo raziskave.

Dobra novica je, da so si možgani tistih, ki so vztrajali in niso začeli ponovno piti, v veliki meri opomogli. Kot omenjeno, je bilo proučevanih 34 delov možganov. V kar 24 delih je bila debelina možganske skorje po dobrih sedmih mesecih pri abstinentih primerljiva z debelino možganske skorje pri kontrolni skupini.

Najhitrejša obnova zaznana takoj na začetku

Posebno zanimivo – in razveseljivo – je, da je bil proces obnove v kar 19 možganskih regijah najhitrejši na začetku. Obnova je namreč v teh regijah med prvim in drugim slikanjem možganov s pomočjo magnetne resonance v povprečju potekala hitreje kot med drugim in tretjim slikanjem.

Med temi regijami je bilo precej t. i. kortikalnih vozlišč, ki so pomembna za izvršilne funkcije, regulacijo afektov in samonadzor. Hitra obnova teh kritičnih regij na začetku abstinence lahko izboljša možnosti za dolgoročni uspeh, saj gre za sposobnosti, ki so nujne za uspešno okrevanje oziroma za to, da oseba z odvisnostjo od alkohola ne podleže skušnjavi.

Hitrost obnove možganov odvisna od različnih dejavnikov

Moški, ki so sodelovali v raziskavi, so v preteklosti najmanj 8 let mesečno uživali več kot 150 enot alkohola, ženske, ki so se pridružile raziskavi, pa so uživale po več kot 80 enot alkohola mesečno, in sicer najmanj 6 let. Kot omenjeno, je bilo po popolni opustitvi alkohola zaznano zelo hitro obnavljanje možganov oziroma možganske skorje, vendar je treba pri tem omeniti, da je bil proces obnove skorje v specifičnih regijah pri tistih, ki so v letu pred začetkom študije zaužili največ alkohola, precej počasen.

Kot se zdi, pa lahko na hitrost obnove možganske skorje po opustitvi alkohola vpliva tudi kajenje. Pri tistih, ki so letno pokadili največ cigaret, je bilo namreč v 11 regijah po opustitvi alkohola zaznana upočasnjena obnova možganske skorje, medtem ko pri nekdanjih kadilcih niso bile opažene tovrstne posebnosti.

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